Industry leaders see energy supply as the next hurdle for AI

April 25, 2024

In a podcast published on Friday, Mark Zuckerberg reiterated industry concerns that energy supply would soon become the major challenge to the further development of artificial intelligence (AI). These concerns echoed Elon Musk's warning from last month, that AI could exceed energy capacity as early as next year. According to Musk, AI technology is advancing at an exponential rate; by a factor of ten every six months. That rate of growth has reached a point where it is straining both chip manufacturing capacity and energy capacity.

Big tech companies such as (Google), Microsoft, and Amazon.com are rapidly expanding their AI capabilities and that is pushing them into more and larger data centers. According to, the three companies combined are projected to spend over US$120 billion on data center expansion in 2025. This increased demand for data centers will increase the demand for energy. At the current expansion rate, energy demand could surpass supply.

Zuckerberg, co-founder of, an AI-development laboratory, anticipates the need for 1-gigawatt data centers, a capacity that has not yet been achieved. According to Zuckerberg, building power plants to supply that amount of energy will take time. "If we wanted to stand up some massive facility, to power that is a very long-term project. I think [some people will] do it, but I don't think this is something that can be quite as magical as 'you get a level of AI, get a bunch of capital, and put it in [a big data center].'"

According to Zuckerberg, one of the hurdles to expanding power supply quickly is government regulation. "When you're talking about building large new power plants or large build-outs and building transmission lines that cross public or private land ... you're talking about many years of lead time."

Compounding the issue, the electronic vehicle (EV) market is competing with the AI industry for energy supply. In a teleconference video for the Connected World conference, Musk said “The simultaneous growth of electric cars and AI, both of which need electricity, both of which need voltage transformers – I think, is creating a tremendous demand for electrical equipment and for electrical power generation."

What could this mean for the future of AI, EVs, and global energy supply and demand? We may already be experiencing its effects. In Ireland, (AWS) customers reportedly faced restrictions on launching new resources from its Irish data centers.  attributes these restrictions to limited energy supply for AWS data centers in Ireland.

Wikinews asked about AI growth versus energy supply growth. Its response centers on a concept it called the TPIF Framework, conceptualized as Technological advancements, Policy support, Infrastructure readiness, and Financial investment. Minimal editing has been done for appearance and to make the interaction more concise.



Wikinews: "Tell me about yourself in both raw, technical terms such as version, architecture, etc, and how you see yourself."


 * ChatGPT: "Technical Overview: I'm built on OpenAI's GPT-4 architecture, which is a large multimodal model (meaning it can process both text and images, though my current capabilities are text-based). GPT-4 is an evolution of previous models, designed to understand and generate human-like text based on the input it receives. My training involved a diverse range of internet text, but I don't access or retrieve personal data unless it has been shared with me during our session. Each session with me does not retain information after it ends, ensuring privacy and security in our interactions.


 * "Personal Perspective: I see myself as a helpful assistant, designed to provide information, solve problems, and engage in meaningful conversations. My aim is to make information more accessible and to assist in various tasks by providing thoughtful, accurate, and contextually relevant responses. I strive to learn from interactions to better fulfill the needs of users, aiming to be a positive and constructive presence in any conversation."

Wikinews: "What do you know about recent reports in Ireland of Amazon AWS customers facing restrictions on spinning up new cloud resources there and being directed to use AWS data centers in other regions?"


 * ChatGPT: "Recent reports indicate that Amazon AWS customers in Ireland are facing restrictions on spinning up new cloud resources, particularly for power-intensive GPU instances, due to power limitations at the data centers located there. As a result, customers are being directed to use AWS data centers in other European regions, such as Sweden, where there is spare capacity. These issues stem from the overall strain on Ireland's power grid, which has been exacerbated by the significant energy demands of numerous data centers concentrated around Dublin. This situation reflects broader challenges related to power supply and demand affecting data centers not only in Ireland but in other regions as well​ (Enterprise Technology News and Analysis)​.


 * "This power crunch in Ireland is significant given the role that data centers play in the local economy, contributing substantially to employment and economic output. However, the growing energy consumption by these data centers, which has significantly increased over the years, poses sustainability challenges and has led to tighter restrictions on new data center builds and the requirement for new facilities to demonstrate they are matched by renewable energy generation​ (RTE)​."

Wikinews: "Do you think renewable energy production can be leveraged quickly and effectively to help meet energy demand?"


 * ChatGPT: "Leveraging renewable energy production to meet energy demand quickly and effectively is feasible, but it comes with several challenges and considerations. The potential for rapid deployment and effectiveness largely depends on technological advancements, policy support, infrastructure readiness, and financial investment."

Wikinews: "Do you think the country of Ireland has all four of those necessary components already, to be able to meet the challenge effectively?"


 * ChatGPT: "Ireland has made significant strides in renewable energy, particularly in wind power, which is a major focus under its Climate Action Plan. The country has ambitious targets for both onshore and offshore wind energy development. By 2030, Ireland aims to significantly increase its wind-generated electricity, with specific goals for onshore and offshore capacities.


 * "Technological Advancements: Ireland is advancing in wind technology and exploring innovative approaches for onshore and offshore wind farms. The government supports various schemes, like the Renewable Electricity Support Scheme, to facilitate this growth and connect more renewable sources to the grid.


 * "Policy Support: The Irish government has implemented strong policy frameworks such as the National Marine Planning Framework and the Maritime Area Planning Act to support the development of offshore wind projects. These policies are designed to streamline planning and bolster the contribution of renewable energy.


 * "Infrastructure Readiness: Ireland is focused on enhancing its infrastructure to integrate more renewable energy efficiently. This includes updating grid capabilities to handle the variable nature of wind energy and other renewables.


 * "Financial Investment: The country has witnessed significant investment in renewable energy, with support from both public and private sectors aimed at achieving the set targets and ensuring community benefits through funds linked to renewable projects.


 * "Overall, Ireland is actively developing its renewable energy sector, particularly wind energy, which supplied 34% of its electricity demand in 2022. This progress is supported by comprehensive government plans and community involvement, though challenges such as local opposition and environmental concerns need careful management."

Wikinews: "Given the timeframe proposed by Musk, the fact that we're already seeing impacts in Ireland similar to what Musk is predicting, and the need for a TPIF framework in each country, what do you think this means for the future of AI, EVs, and global, energy supply and demand?"


 * ChatGPT: "The future of AI, EVs, and the global energy supply and demand landscape is poised to be highly dynamic and interconnected, influenced by developments like those described by Elon Musk and the situations unfolding in countries like Ireland. Several key implications emerge:


 * Accelerated Energy Demand: The rapid adoption of AI and EVs is expected to significantly increase electricity demand. As AI technologies and data centers consume more power, and as electric vehicles replace fossil-fuel-powered cars, the strain on existing power supplies will intensify. This trend necessitates urgent upgrades in energy infrastructure and an accelerated shift towards renewable energy sources to sustainably meet this growing demand.
 * Infrastructure Modernization: The current energy infrastructure in many countries, including the US and parts of Europe, is aging and not fully equipped to handle the increased load and the intermittent nature of renewable energies. Modernizing this infrastructure, as part of the TPIF framework, will be critical. This includes not only physical upgrades to the grid but also the integration of smart grid technologies that can optimize energy distribution and efficiency.
 * Policy and Regulatory Evolution: As the energy landscape becomes more complex due to technological advancements and shifting consumer demands, regulatory frameworks will need to evolve. Policies that encourage innovation in renewable energy technologies, support infrastructure development, and create economic incentives for both consumers and industries will be essential. These policies will also need to address grid stability and energy storage solutions to manage the variability of renewable energy sources.
 * Global Collaboration and Investment: Addressing the challenges of energy supply and demand in the age of AI and EVs will require global cooperation and investment. International agreements and collaborative projects could help synchronize standards and regulations, share technological innovations, and pool financial resources to support infrastructure development across borders.
 * Socioeconomic Impacts: The shift towards renewable energy, driven by the needs of AI and EVs, will have significant socioeconomic implications. There will be a need for job retraining programs as the energy sector transforms, and issues of energy equity will need to be addressed to ensure that all communities benefit from cleaner energy and advanced technologies.
 * Global Collaboration and Investment: Addressing the challenges of energy supply and demand in the age of AI and EVs will require global cooperation and investment. International agreements and collaborative projects could help synchronize standards and regulations, share technological innovations, and pool financial resources to support infrastructure development across borders.
 * Socioeconomic Impacts: The shift towards renewable energy, driven by the needs of AI and EVs, will have significant socioeconomic implications. There will be a need for job retraining programs as the energy sector transforms, and issues of energy equity will need to be addressed to ensure that all communities benefit from cleaner energy and advanced technologies.
 * Socioeconomic Impacts: The shift towards renewable energy, driven by the needs of AI and EVs, will have significant socioeconomic implications. There will be a need for job retraining programs as the energy sector transforms, and issues of energy equity will need to be addressed to ensure that all communities benefit from cleaner energy and advanced technologies.
 * Socioeconomic Impacts: The shift towards renewable energy, driven by the needs of AI and EVs, will have significant socioeconomic implications. There will be a need for job retraining programs as the energy sector transforms, and issues of energy equity will need to be addressed to ensure that all communities benefit from cleaner energy and advanced technologies.


 * "In summary, the trajectory for AI, EVs, and energy supply indicates a period of rapid transformation that will challenge current infrastructure and demand innovative solutions. The effective implementation of the TPIF framework globally will be crucial in navigating these changes, ensuring that the energy needs of the future are met in a sustainable, efficient, and equitable manner."

Wikinews: "What makes you qualified to answer the questions I have asked you during this interaction?"


 * ChatGPT: "My qualifications to answer your questions stem from the extensive training and design of the GPT-4 model, which is based on a broad dataset encompassing a wide range of knowledge domains. Here’s how I can effectively address various topics:


 * Extensive Training Data: I've been trained on a diverse corpus that includes books, websites, and other texts up to my last training cut-off in September 2021. This extensive training allows me to generate responses based on a wide array of information across various subjects, from technical topics to general knowledge.
 * Advanced Algorithms: Built on OpenAI's GPT-4 architecture, I utilize advanced machine learning algorithms to understand context, generate relevant responses, and maintain coherence across conversations. This capability enables me to process and respond to complex queries effectively.
 * Continuous Updates: While I don't learn in real-time or retain personal data, OpenAI continuously updates the model's capabilities and knowledge base to improve accuracy and relevance based on general usage and feedback, ensuring that the information provided is up-to-date within the limits of my last training.
 * Adaptability: I can adapt responses to the needs of the user, whether it's providing concise information, detailed explanations, or generating creative content. This flexibility makes me a versatile tool for information retrieval and conversation.
 * Supplementary Tools: For questions that require up-to-date information or data beyond my last training, I can use supplementary tools like browser functionality to fetch current data, ensuring that I provide the most accurate and recent information available.
 * Adaptability: I can adapt responses to the needs of the user, whether it's providing concise information, detailed explanations, or generating creative content. This flexibility makes me a versatile tool for information retrieval and conversation.
 * Supplementary Tools: For questions that require up-to-date information or data beyond my last training, I can use supplementary tools like browser functionality to fetch current data, ensuring that I provide the most accurate and recent information available.
 * Supplementary Tools: For questions that require up-to-date information or data beyond my last training, I can use supplementary tools like browser functionality to fetch current data, ensuring that I provide the most accurate and recent information available.
 * Supplementary Tools: For questions that require up-to-date information or data beyond my last training, I can use supplementary tools like browser functionality to fetch current data, ensuring that I provide the most accurate and recent information available.


 * "Each of these aspects makes me well-equipped to handle a variety of questions effectively, helping users find answers, learn new information, and make informed decisions."