Wikinews:Newsworthiness

Each Wikinews article focuses on a news event. Our main criterion for whether an event is suitable for coverage is that it should be newsworthy.

Wikinews seeks to publish, broadly, what a (reputable) mainstream source would run as a news article; however, Wikinews is its own unique project with its own standards to follow. Wikinews is global in reach but potentially local in coverage; and we may cover events &mdash; either local or global &mdash; with little or no previous mainstream coverage; so we cannot appropriately use inclusion criteria similar to Wikipedia's notability guidelines. Our notion of newsworthiness, though putting meaningful bounds on our coverage so we remain a news site, should welcome all these different kinds of material.

What, then, is "newsworthy"? Newsworthy items pass three tests: They are specific, relevant, and fresh.

Specificity
Each news article documents some specific event &mdash; the focus &mdash; which the headline and lede must identify. An ongoing process is unlikely to pass muster; look for some specific development in an ongoing process, to serve as the focus. An earthquake is specific, while continental drift is not. The publication of, say, the results of a study about continental drift is, however, again a specific event.

An article can cover a larger picture than just its specific focus, provided the material is built around the focus. The body of the article spirals outward from the focus, giving details and background about the focus. It is still oriented around the focus &mdash; don't write an article that mentions the focus and then abruptly takes off in a different direction &mdash; but with coherent presentation, the focus can be placed in a wider context. For example;
 * Cypriot court clears all of wrongdoing in Greek air disaster

Relevance
Stories are judged on a case-by-case basis; editors may have somewhat differing opinions on the definition of "relevant". However, here are some guidelines for whether a story is likely to be considered acceptably relevant:


 * How many people does the story impact? To how many people would this story be relevant? If the answer is a few hundred or less, the story would probably not be significant enough for inclusion.
 * Is the story getting coverage in the mainstream media? If not, then that could &mdash; but not always &mdash; be an indicator that the story isn't relevant to enough people, even at the local level.  There is a flip side to this &mdash; if a story is being covered by many news sources, that does not necessarily indicate that the story must be newsworthy enough for our standards.  In this case, one should apply the impact/relevancy question described above.

The car crash test
A good test is to compare the story to a minor traffic collision of the sort that might grace the pages of a local paper. This might be considered the very lowest end of what would be sufficiently newsworthy local news. If the story is less important than that, it's not likely to be published. Examples of acceptable articles at the lowest end of the newsworthiness scale are;
 * Driver hits median strip, rolls vehicle in NSW, Australia
 * Residents of Leeds, England neighbourhood plagued with crime ask council for help
 * Stornoway, Scotland shop Wee W announces imminent closure

Earthquakes
There are lots of detectable earthquakes around the globe each day; we generally allow an earthquake is news-relevant in itself&thinsp; if its magnitude is at least 6.0. The says earthquakes of that size happen about once every three days on average (as of this writing; ).


 * By the way, a hint on writing earthquake articles: the usual scale for measuring earthquakes is the ; the is mostly not used anymore.

A smaller quake could be news-relevant, but there would have to be some additional reason, such as property damage, or casualties, or because earthquakes of its size are especially unusual in the area where it occurred. Here are some examples of articles about smaller earthquakes.
 * Earthquake injures 25 people in southern Philippines; magnitude was variously reported as 5.5 or 5.8
 * Magnitude 5.8 earthquake in Virginia felt up and down U.S. east coast, Pentagon evacuated; we also had a "short" covering a magnitude 3.1 aftershock

The Wikimedia exception
Historically, Wikinews often published articles about sister projects of the Wikimedia Foundation. In recent years this has come to be frowned upon as "navel gazing". Stories about Wikipedia etc are not banned, but the bar is set slightly higher in this regard, not least because there are dedicated internal newsletters. Examples of articles that are acceptable are;
 * Main belt asteroid No. 274301 named 'Wikipedia'
 * Wikimania 2012 tackles diversity issues
 * Wikinews interviews Sue Gardner on Wikipedia blackout
 * Turkey blocks Wikipedia, alleging smear campaign
 * Mozilla, Creative Commons, Wikimedia Foundation announce Bassel Khartabil Free Culture fellowship following execution of open culture activist

Freshness
The focus of a Wikinews article must be fresh when the article is published.

An unpublished article is typically considered stale when it's five to seven days old. There are two exceptions to this: one for reporting on a story where new information about the event comes to light days later, and one for original reporting; we'll discuss these in more detail below.

Just when an article goes stale depends on context; for example, how the story develops after the article is written, and how widely the event has been covered by the mainstream. With the exceptions noted, it's very rare for an article to be published more than seven calendar days (in, the time Wikinews keeps) after what the article is reporting.

New information
If the event was in the last ten days but new information came to light in the last five to seven days then the article is still acceptable. In most cases however the new information will be suitable to refocus on, with a headline and lede identifying the new information as the event is being reported on. Note that when modifying an inverted pyramid to insert later events, the new material will generally be at or near the top of the article, not at the bottom as might occur in a chronological treatment.

This is not a dependency on the date of source publication; although information in a source article cannot have come to light after the date the source was published, it may have come to light before the source was published and thus the five to seven days would be from the earlier date. Similarly the date when information came to light doesn't matter unless our article includes that information.

In the vast majority of cases it will still be appropriate to treat such an article as stale, and refocus on an entirely new event (per WN:GATWICK). In rare cases, however, new information come to light will make it appropriate to publish an article with a slightly older focal event.

Examples;


 * Police warn new drone owners to obey law after disruption at UK's Gatwick Airport, in which a stale article was refocused based on new developments. This technique has come to be described as 'Gatwicking' an article.
 * Magnitogorsk apartment building collapses after explosion, dozens dead, an article published nearly four hours later than a piece normally would, on the basis of new information.

Original reporting
Original material can also enhance freshness. Exclusive content has the potential to extend our freshness horizon by days or even weeks, depending on the nature of the original material. Note however this is an advanced technique and it is strongly recommended editors get to grips with writing before graduating to original reporting. Here are examples:


 * 'Fascinating' and 'provocative' research examines genetic elements of bipolar, schizophrenia
 * Iconic London mural could be restored
 * ACLU, EFF challenging US 'secret' court orders seeking Twitter data
 * Out of space in outer space: Special report on NASA's 'space junk' plans

Becoming the news
Sometimes, original material will be an event in its own right. This might be in the form of an exclusive interview with somebody important, or it may mean the release of documents exclusively to Wikinews. Though even this will eventually go stale, there is great leeway in timeframes for releasing such material.

Here are some examples:
 * Wikinews interviews Dr. Michael Mazilu on creating world's fastest spinning manmade object
 * Scottish Justice Secretary 'acutely aware of unusual publicity' in Kular case
 * Wikinews investigates Wikipedia usage by U.S. Senate staff members
 * Wikinews obtains new details on UK prisoner's murder

Breaking news
If there's a major new development in the story after the article is written, the article might go stale much faster than five to seven days. In intense situations, an article can be stale already a few hours after the event. The deciding factor is, would it feel 'behind the times' to publish an article about the event without mentioning the new development.

This can make it challenging to cover a rapidly developing story on Wikinews, but there are several things you can do to increase your chances of things working out.
 * Use the special breaking review tag that warns reviewers time is unusually critical for this article because it might go stale much faster than most articles do. (Don't abuse this tag: it isn't for articles that are on the verge of going stale at the normal pace.)
 * Have someone on-hand who's willing and able to review the article immediately. This can work if you know about the need ahead of time, or if you can find someone (perhaps on IRC) in the event.
 * Communicate with the reviewer by some more direct channel than wiki collaboration pages; typically, we've used IRC for this. Direct communication can shave hours off the review process, because if the reviewer has a problem they can talk to you in real time and avoid a clumsy, time-consuming cycle of not-ready/revise/resubmit.
 * If you foresee a possible problem, try to phrase the article 'robustly', so it's more likely to remain true, and hopefully remain news, even if other things happen before it's published. This can be tricky, and won't always work, but statistically you can improve your chances this way.  Emphasize discrete things that happened, that may be of interest even if something else happens later.  When feasible, try to avoid open-ended statements about the continuing state of things, that are at a high risk of ceasing to be true at any moment and thereby spoiling the article.